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Malindi Kenya Coastline

Malindi District rises from the “coastal plains” through a “foot plateau” to a low “coastal range” up to the “Nyika plateau” to an elevation of 300 m.a.s.i.

  • The ”coastal plains” comprise a coastal coral limestone reef, inland of which is a sandy back-reef facies (Margarini sands). It is a narrow belt, varying in width between 3 km and 20 km. It lies below 30 m above sea level. A creek in Mida breaks the belt and gives rise to excellent marine and swamps with mangroves.
  • The “foot plateau” lies west of the coastal plain with slightly undulating terrain between 60 m and 135 m altitudes. The plateau characterizes as seaward sloping peneplain whose surface has been dissected by numerous dry watercourses, with underlying Jurassic sediments consisting of shells, sandstones and impervious clays. It supports grassland and stunted vegetation.
  • The “coastal range” consists of low range sandstone hills 150 m to 420 m high.
  • The rest of the hinterland forms the “Nyika plateau”, which is 130 m to 300 m above sea level.

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 The highest point within the municipal boundary of Malindi is a trig point in the Arabuko Sokoke Forest rising to almost 120 m. Considering that this is almost 10 km away from Malindi old town the gradient is very low.

 At the northern border of Malindi Municipality flows the Sabaki River, one of the biggest rivers in Kenya. West of Watamu there is Mida Creek, an extended mangrove area. Mida Creek limits the development of Watamu in South and South-West direction.

 Malindi town could be divided in three broad landscape units:
(I) the “beach”, (II) the “coral landscape” and (III) the “plateau”.

  • The “beach” is characterized by the coral cliff, sandy soil and is an unstable new dune formation.
  • The “coral landscape” consists of higher situated old reefs and lagoons. It is characterized by depressions with clayish soils and areas susceptible to waterlogging.
  • The “plateau” is a prominent area of shallow sandy clay soils underlain by coral limestone rock. It is located above the 4.5 m contour.

 Through the old town from the old market until the Lawfords Hotel stretches a depression, which was an old lagoon. It is a geological sea arm which level is below sea level.  Most of the surface runoff and stormwater of Malindi West and North catchments with an area of approximately 10.56 km2 drains towards this central lagoon.

 Vegetation in Malindi area

 The area of the Municipal Council of Malindi can be divided into three major vegetation zones:

  •  Lowland dry forest on coral rag:
    This vegetation zone covers the coastal strip stretching some 1 to 1,5 km from the coastline inward and from the Mida Creek in Watamu all the way to Sabaki River Delta. The natural forest remnant is found near Gede with indicator species like Combretum Schumanii, Ficus Bussei and Gyrocarpus Americanus. Most of this area is covered with dense thicket with scattered cultivated plots planted mainly with cassava, maize and cowpeas.
  • Lowland dry forest (Arabuko-Sokoke Forest):
    This vegetation zone covers the most land of the municipality and is mainly cultivated with cashew nuts, mangoes, coconuts and food crops and is mainly grassland. It is found in Ganda, Kanuyuni, Mijamboni, Gede and Malindi Town. The major remnant of this type of vegetation is the protected Arabuko Sokoke Forest. The main indigenous trees are e.g. Mtandarusi, Mrihi and Mbambakofi.
  • Mangroves and swamps:
    This vegetation zone covers only a small portion of Malindi Municipal area mainly on the sides of the Mida Creek in Watamu. There are only a few species, which form the dense forest.

Mainly three different vegetation zones cover the Hinterland of Malindi:

  • Manilkara-Acacia Savannah
    The area of Lowland Cultivated Savanna covers both sides of the Sabaki River up to the town Madu in the North. This type is found on the clayey soils of the Jurassic shales and some of the natural species found in the zone are Acacia Zansibaric and Manilkara Zansiberensis.
  • Tropical monsoon forest
    This vegetation zone can be found in the southern part of the Arabuko Sokoke Forest and around Marafa and near Hadu. Today only scattered remnants of the forest remain.
  • Acacia Euphorbia bushland
    The western part of Malindi District and half of the area of the district is covered by bushland. This vegetation zone is very dry getting less than 600 mm rain a year. The most important tree in the area is Dobera blabra. Other shrubs and treelets include Acacia Zansibarica and Euphorbia Tirucaelii. Cultivation for field crops is insignificant.